This is a cool example of a simple project you can do with a microcontroller. (See Video Below)
Using bi-color LEDs, a little multiplexing, and a microcontroller, green, orange or yellow can be lit up individually at any of the 27 locations on the cube. Each of the bi-color LED’s physically contain two LEDs inside of them with a common cathode. If both sides of the LED are on, the LED appears to glow yellow, making a third color.
It works by refreshing each cathode level at a rate faster than the eye can perceive. Because light receptors in the eye continue to ’see’ light for about 15ms after the light has gone away, this clever trick allows the use of microcontrollers to turn on power to each cathode level, one at a time, without any visible hint of the led losing power, so long as each cathode level is refreshed at approximately 60Hz.
The end result is a neat animation in up to three colors:
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